Wednesday, March 5, 2008

Rabbits and Suffering

My department, as it turns out, has a specialty. We do religious philosophy. We're actually, as I understand it, a really good place for religious philosophy - if you're into that sort of thing you might also go to Notre Dame, but I think we're higher ranked. I have been trying since I got here to articulate exactly why I think religion and philosophy should be kept separate, and then today it hit me:

Philosophy is based on rigor. Religion is based on faith.

Don't get me wrong; if you want to do religious philosophy, I say have at. You can try to prove the existence of God or whatever and that's fine. You can even, if you insist, assume the existence of God and work from there. But it isn't good religion and it certainly isn't good philosophy.

Case in point: some people have argued against modal realism by pointing out that, if there are possible worlds that realize every possibility, then there must be a possible world consisting of nothing but rabbits and suffering. In fact, there must be infinitely many. (Don't worry about why this follows; it actually does.) Now, God would never have created infinitely many worlds consisting of just rabbits and suffering, because that's arbitrary and God is never arbitrary. Therefore modal realism cannot be true. QED.

Let's think about what's wrong with this argument: the arguer assumes
  1. That there is a God
  2. That she [the arguer] knows what God would and wouldn't do
  3. That God never does anything arbitrary
  4. That it even makes sense to talk about arbitrariness on this scale.
All of these assumptions are problematic. Passing lightly over 1, how on earth do you come by the knowledge of what God would or wouldn't do? Most likely you have read it in your notoriously over-translated and difficult to understand Book. Okay, let's assume that's legit - let's assume that the book is totally true, that your interpretation is flawless, and that either it somewhere covers this case specifically (the Bible says a lot of things, after all) or it's possible to correctly extrapolate from what it does say. I'll grant you all that. But then tell me this: what the heck is the point of philosophy? If all the answers are in your book, what are we doing? Does philosophy boil down to Biblical exegesis? Is it too late for me to apply to library school?

So 2 is problematic; what about 3? One word: Job. Moving on.

Finally, how does it make any sense at all to talk about arbitrariness on that scale? How is it any more arbitrary to create infinitely many worlds than it is to create just one? Just one? Why would God do that? See #2. But our human notion of arbitrariness can't be applied to God's actions in creating worlds. If God created as many worlds as there were people alive on Earth at 11:59 a.m. on December 14, 1974, that would be entirely God's prerogative. Does that seem random to me? Sure! But hey, God moves in mysterious ways. It's not for me to understand.

Philosophy, though - that is something I must try to understand. And that's the difference.

8 comments:

Bill said...

Right. Exactly. Off to Kangarooland then.

People confuse law and morality the same way, actually. Because they address some of the same issues, they reckon that they must be similar tools, but even though you can mash your thumb with both, a brick is not a hammer.

Lily said...

yipes, and to think that I was naive enough to assume that "Sophie's World" would help to make philosophy make more sense. OK, I'll have a stab at it.
1. Socrates believed in a "divine force" such as a God or Godlike force within him. Maybe I'm confusing this with a voice of conscience. Let's try again.
2. Hellenism was a blend of religion and philosophy, n'est-ce pas? Syncretism; blending of creeds. So could it be possible that religion and philosophy aren't oil and vinegar?
3. Finally, maybe the other point of view, (name escapes me)saying that there is a God but Zie was only present at the Creation. The rest was up to man. Maybe God can't be arbitrary, but man certainly can.
Did I just make myself sound like an idiot?

Greg said...

How many angels can dance on the head of pin? (Do your golden plates have that answer?)

If there are an infinite number of worlds with infinite variation, surely it would follow that there is a world where God doesn't exist, and maybe that's the one with the rabbits.

Religious philosophy seem problematic to me because you'd probably have to specialize, in which case you might as well become a rabbi now, or an imam or priest. Now that I think of it, the Talmud's always had an appeal of sorts, not to mention kabbala. You could learn to make a golem.

Emily said...

No, you're certainly right that religion and philosophy share a common origin. They both came from people's desire to understand and explain mysterious phenomena. What frustrates me most about the religious philosophy practiced nowadays is that it puts a stop to questioning. (This frustrates me about religion in general.) Philosophy isn't really about answering questions as much as it is about asking them. If it all comes down to the Bible, the questions stop and we all sit around with our hands folded.

In other news, we don't have gender-neutral pronouns in English. Live with it.

Emily said...

Re: Greg's comment - that's another reason not to do religiously-themed modal metaphysics. Theist philosophers often argue that if God exists, his existence is necessary, which would mean that he exists at all possible worlds, or that his existence is somehow outside of the whole possible-world schema, which threatens to collapse the whole program.

Lily said...

dude, listen to the UU. Zie is totally an actual pronoun. I know people who use it all the time.

Emily said...

Those people are wrong.

Look, buddy, there are closed-class and open-class words in English. Open-class means we can add new ones - fax, email, groovy. Pronouns are closed-class words. You can't add new pronouns, and the UU church can't change that - it's a fact of grammar.

TCA said...

Moving back from pronouns to the other part of the discussion, I've always found it fascinating that most of the great astronomers both now and in the past have been some kind of believers in, at the very least, a "begining force". Today, many of these are Jesuit priests.

So I say, don't limit the thinking to philosophy and/or religion. the cosmos requires more science, math AND language thinking not less.